Authors - Ferdinand V. Dalisay, Gerli Ryza DS. Reyes Abstract - On-the-Job Training (OJT) in Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) stands at a decisive inflection point. Historically constrained by misaligned curricula, weak industry-academe partnerships, and inadequate quality assurance mechanisms, the OJT system is now confronted simultaneously with the disruptive potential of artificial intelligence (AI), the transformative power of data analytics, and the imperatives of broader digital transformation. This systematic literature review synthesizes 35 peer-reviewed studies and policy documents published between 2020 and 2026 to examine how these three technological forces are reshaping and should further reshape the design, implementation, supervision, and evaluation of OJT programs across Philippine colleges and universities. Guided by the TIBS 2026 conference tracks on AI and Intelligent Systems, Data Analytics and Business Intelligence, and Digital Transformation and Technology Strategy, the review constructs a crosscutting analytical framework that interrogates the current state of Philippine OJT against the backdrop of these technological paradigms. Four thematic clusters are identified: (1) AI-mediated supervision, mentoring, and competency scaffolding; (2) data-driven OJT quality assurance and outcome analytics; (3) digital platform ecosystems and virtual work-integrated learning; and (4) strategic alignment between OJT curricula and the emerging digital economy. Findings reveal that while Philippine HEIs have begun to engage with digital tools in OJT administration, deep integration of AI and analytics into OJT pedagogy and governance remains nascent. The review concludes with a multi-stakeholder digital transformation roadmap for the Philippine OJT system, offering implications for CHED policymakers, HEI administrators, industry partners, and technology developers.
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